I think the training process would be extremely difficult, sort of like what you see in the Legend of Korra when Tenzin is training the new airbenders, only a lot more intense and the trainees would probably be a lot more excited.
Because darkness is just the lack of light, I think that in technical terms, shadowbenders would (technically) be lightbenders. The thing that would differ them from other Lightbenders would be how they use they power, earning them a different name. The shadowbenders would probably be very "everything isn't as it seems" "all the lightbenders can do is put on a show", and the main cause of conflict would be over moral between light and dark, and the avatar would probably face a lot of spiritual chaos over that, and the show would probably have to specify between "darkness" and a real "dark matter" type of thing. But if they would do so, would there be a large enemy who finds out how to bend 'dark matter'? Would there be a moral conflict over whether it's okay to bend 'dark matter'?
As for Team Avatar, I think timeline-wise it would serve well to be between ATLA and LOK, because the with the gang being more mature, they could probably face these things better. It would also help clear up all of the dark avatar stuff in S2 of LOK.
I also agree that Sokka would side with shadowbenders, or at least hear their perspectives. This would also give Sokka a lot of character growth and maturity, especially because the Gaang doesn't really take him that seriously most of the time, and probably think it's because of the superficial decision that he originally made to side with the shadowbenders (ex. he didn't like the food of the lightbenders, as someone already mentioned).