Waterbending

"water"

- Water is the element of change.

Waterbending is one of the four elemental bending arts, is the hydrokinetic ability to control water, as well as its many forms. This type of bending is utilized by the people of the Water Tribes, who are divided into the Southern, the Northern, and the lesser known Foggy Swamp, each with their own unique bending style.

Water is the element of change. The moon is the source of power in waterbending, and the original waterbenders learned by observing how the moon pushed and pulled the tides. The Water Tribes are the only people who did not learn bending from an animal, though the Moon and Ocean Spirits took the form of koi fish near the beginning of the Avatar World.

The fighting style of waterbending is mostly fluid and graceful, acting in concert with the environment. Foggy Swamp style waterbending, however, is more rigid and straight. Waterbenders deal with the flow of energy; they let their defense become their offense, turning their opponents' own forces against them.

Notable waterbenders

 * † indicates deceased during the series.
 * H indicates a healer.
 * P indicates a plantbender.
 * B indicates a bloodbender.

Origin


The people of the Water Tribe first learned waterbending by observing how the moon pushed and pulled the tides of the ocean. They then learned how to simulate the effect themselves. As such, they have a strong spiritual connection to the Moon and its counterpart, the Ocean. In fact, waterbending is the only bending art to originate from spirits instead of animals, and any adverse effect on these spirits detrimentally affects waterbenders too.

On the waterbending scroll, the word 'waterbending' is written in Chinese as, which can be translated as "The Divine Ability to Halt Water".

Fighting style
Waterbending's strength is its great versatility. Rather than supporting a separate set of offensive methods, waterbending employs defensive techniques that can be transformed into attacks and counters - defense into offense. Instead of simply deflecting an attack, waterbending's defensive maneuvers focus on control, achieved through turning an opponent's own strength against them, rather than directly harming the opponent.

Waterbending abilities and techniques
Water manipulation: Almost all forms of waterbending involve moving and shaping a body of water to the waterbender's desire. By simply levitating a large mass of water, waterbenders can move water anywhere they wish, even parting it under the surface of a lake or sea, allowing them to walk along the bottom of a basin without the need to swim. These large bodies of water can also be used as weapons, either by shaping them into gigantic whips, swung repeatedly at a target as a snake-like body, formed momentarily into a razor-sharp edge that can cut through even metal, or simply dropped onto an opponent to smother them or put out a fire. On the sea or ocean, waterbending can be used to create giant maelstroms. Aang and Katara used this to set off a giant sea serpent.

Snowbending: A move that pushes and levitates snow for attack, shielding and defense. Living on the poles of the Earth, waterbenders are accustomed to living in the snow. The snow is used as the first source when waterbending. They are able to compress the snow together in order to slice through objects, even metal. Masters like Pakku can bend the snow to make a snow spout that can carry the bender around, and they can still attack and dodge at the same time. This has been seen being done by many waterbenders, especially during the Siege of the North.

Streaming the water: Named by Katara, it is a move that draws water from a source that waterbenders move around their bodies. A more advanced version demonstrated by Aang apparently involves "sinking and floating". This move is thought to be used for basic training so that beginning waterbenders can get a "feel" for water, but it is in all actuality a very useful move performed by waterbenders of every skill level.



Water whip: The most frequently seen move involves creating a lashing tendril of water to swipe at an opponent. The shape, size, and length are all determined by a waterbender's control. More powerful benders can create larger whips, or ones of greater finesse. Due to water being nigh-on incompressible, a whip can be sharpened into a blade that can even slice through metal with relative ease. Both Katara and Korra have shown the ability to create water whips with their feet.

Water jet: High pressure jets can be used to force opponents back or even blast clean through a target if focused enough. Water jets are primarily used if the user has the intent of severely hurting their opponents. It was seen being performed by Katara against a pirate.

Wave: By moving a large mass of water without separating it from its original source, waterbenders can create waves of nearly any size. They do this by using an upward movement that raises the source, which they then send away in their desired direction. This can be used to sweep opponents away or even as a form of transport, with the bender surfing on the crest of the wave. This same process can be used to propel waterborne crafts.

Water bullet: The water bullet is a move where a waterbender bends a large amount of water and sends it in a forceful blow toward their target. It is similar to a water jet, but it is more for a quick use since the jet takes more concentration. It is seen numerous times throughout the series and is basic yet useful because it takes little time to perform and has a significant effect on the target. Katara used this against Southern Tribe waterbender Hama.



Water wall/water shield: Water can be molded into a variety of shapes and can be used to deflect an attack, trap opponents in a viscous body, reshaped and propelled at attackers before they can recover, or solidified into a shield of ice. This diversity and ability to swiftly change to suit the situation is what makes the waterbender's defense so adaptable. Although usually protective, the shield needs some type of compression or else it will not be effective. This is demonstrated when Katara is fighting Zuko at the Spirit Oasis and her quickly-made shield could not block the fire blast.

Water temperature manipulation: Waterbenders also possess the ability to alter the physical state of the water they manipulate, between liquid, solid and gas, at will. Changing the phase of water allows for multiple techniques in the course of a battle, from encasing an opponent in ice to hiding behind a wall of mist. Ice and steam/fog can also be molded in a diverse range of shapes. Ice provides a degree of hard lethality since it can be molded into spikes or blades to pin down or impale opponents. Steam or mist can obscure a battlefield and mask movement. A waterbender can easily superheat and boil water and other liquids to scalding temperatures. Katara made good use of this to enhance her performance as the Painted Lady. Waterbenders also possess the ability to breathe an icy mist that freezes water and other substances.

Water pressure manipulation: Waterbenders are also able to manipulate water pressure, allowing their techniques to grasp other objects or cut through without simply parting around them. Since water is nigh-on incompressible, it can be used as a semi-solid while being able to move and flow like a liquid. Water can be pressurized to such a level where it can slice through metal. Waterbenders can also use this to avoid sinking in water, effectively allowing them to walk on water, as demonstrated by Katara multiple times.

Iceberg spike: Waterbenders can shoot small shards of ice at their opponent, or cause a giant spike to protrude from a body of water. The Northern Water Tribe employs these as a primary defense of their homeland when enemy ships are sighted.



Ice claws: Shown by Hama, using ice claws involves the bender drawing water around their fingers and freezing it. They can also be sent forward, shooting them at an opponent. A waterbender can also use this as an advantage; being small and unnoticeable, they can hide them in their sleeves just like Mai's weapons. Additionally, this technique uses very little water and thus can be performed quickly using the Condensation technique (see below).

Ice spear: The ice spear is a waterbending move shown to have been used by Southern waterbenders. It involves freezing a stream of water and then sending the frozen result flying at the target. This move was used by Katara when she was about to strike down Yon Rha. It has also been seen in Avatar games as well as the Avatar TCG.

Ice creeper: A waterbender can send a ray of ice on the ground, speeding at an opponent to freeze them. This technique freezes a trail of water beginning with the waterbender performing the move and ending with their targets freezing. This technique was first performed by Katara when she accidentally froze Sokka's feet to the ship, then was able to freeze three Fire Nation soldiers.

Ice shield: A waterbender can freeze an amount of water in front of them, creating a shield of ice. This technique has been seen many times in the series being performed by Aang and Katara.

Ice disc: A waterbender can create a cylindrical column of ice and proceed to slice razor-sharp sections of it off and send them at an opponent. They are sharp around the edges but also very thin, since Master Pakku was able to break them with his wrists, though this may partly have been due to his waterbending ability.



Ice line: As an offensive attack, a waterbender can create a twisted column of water and propel it forward by turning it into icicles. This technique was first seen demonstrated by Katara.

Breath of ice: A waterbender can use their breath to rapidly freeze objects, such as metallic chains, or an opponent. For a more advanced version of the technique, the user takes a deep breath and exhales the air as a cloud of freezing mist. Katara used this technique to freeze Jet to a tree, to save Sokka from Huu, and to stop the warship from sinking by temporarily freezing a hole in the ship's hull. Aang and Roku have used this technique before, possibly combined with airbending, to freeze lava. Also Aang used this to break the chain from where Bumi was being lifted by a crane.

Water knife: The ability to shape water into a super-sharp edge or point for a split-second. Due to water's highly incompressible nature, it enables a waterbender to cut through metal, wood and stone. This technique has been used numerous times throughout the series but its most notable use was by Aang and Katara to sabotage the giant Fire Nation drill assaulting Ba Sing Se.

Water cloak: A waterbender can use their water as a form of armor with tentacle-like arms. The bender can use these arms to grab objects, whip enemies, blast enemies with water and freeze them. If a waterbender has less water available, he or she can simply form the arms instead of the entire cloak. This technique was first shown by Katara while she dueled against Azula in the Crystal Catacombs.



Water filtering: When working in concert with an earthbender, a waterbender can purify polluted water. The waterbender suspends the polluted water in the air while the earthbender removes the pollutants.

Waterbending master level
The mark of a master waterbender is the ability to swiftly change from one state of water to another and rapidly switch techniques during combat, keeping the opponent off guard while constantly adapting to the enemy as demonstrated by Master Pakku. For example, he deflected a stream of water away from himself, froze it, and used it to slide behind Katara and counterattacked.

Water pinwheel: This move involves the user moving a large mass of water and spinning it vertically around him/her. This was demonstrated by Hama while blocking Katara's attacks.

Bubble: When in need to cross large bodies of water, capable waterbenders are able to create a bubble around themselves, keeping an air supply for them and for others. It was first used by Aang and Katara and by Katara twice so that she and Appa could submerge. This was also used by Korra to transport herself and Mako under Yue Bay to reach Air Temple Island from the mainland.

Water drill: A high-pressure, rotating column of water. Capable of exerting a significant amount of pressure upon a solid surface, that allows the action of a drill. The move takes mastery of waterbending since the motions to create a constantly twisting body of water takes bending skill. This technique was first seen being performed by Avatar Roku's waterbending master.

Multiple water whips: An advanced waterbending move similar to the single water whip, except it deals with more than one whip, usually four or five. This technique seems to be able to inflict a large amount of damage. It was used by Katara against Azula.



Waterspout or "water vortex": This high-level technique involves controlling a whirlpool-like pillar of water as a weapon, rotating it and directing its movements at the same time. Another form exists, which is nicknamed the "water snake", in accordance to the waterspout's constantly shifting and coiling movements. It forms a giant snake of water around the lower body, elevating them from the ground. First shown by Aang, Master Pakku has been seen performing this technique, as well as a minor version performed by Katara to bring Aang up and out of the catacombs. Korra used this technique to pursue Amon in the Pro-bending Arena, although the height she could reach was limited. She was also unable to maintain the waterspout, whereas Aang and Pakku could. She was able to sustain it during the Equalists' assault on the United Forces, but it collapsed when an Equalist biplane she took down crashed into it. Amon has also been seen performing this technique, as he was blasted out of the building and into the water, he immediately came out while using this technique.

Octopus form: A body of water formed around the user into eight or so whip-like limbs which can be used to grasp or strike an opponent or to intercept and seize incoming attacks. This technique was first shown by Aang when training with Katara. It was shown a second time when Katara was fighting the Dai Li.

Ice dome: A highly advanced technique, as demonstrated by Katara while fighting against Zuko in the Spirit Oasis, a waterbender may surround a foe in a viscous sphere of water and then freeze it, trapping their opponent inside.

Ice floor: With a sufficient amount of water a master can cover a large area of the ground with ice, trapping enemies' feet in ice and allowing the waterbender to slide around. Pakku performed this during the Order of the White Lotus invasion of Ba Sing Se.

Ice prison: This technique covers an opponent in a prison made of ice. By finely controlling the position of the person within, this technique can restrict the motions of an opponent's hands, thus rendering them powerless. Shown by Katara to incapacitate Azula during Sozin's Comet.

Ice tunneling: Waterbenders are able to swim through thick ice with the same ease as through water, allowing them to surprise their foes. The technique was only seen to have been performed twice, once by an unknown waterbender from the Southern Water Tribe in a flashback of Hama's and again by Korra who used it to escape from her compound.



Maelstrom: In a large body of water, a waterbender can create a gigantic whirlpool. This technique is executed by Aang and Katara while fighting the serpent.

Mass freeze: A waterbender can freeze multiple targets at once, making them slow down or even surrounding them with ice. The technique is first shown by Katara.

Water dome: A master waterbender can collect water from the rain, forming a dome which can be used for both offense and defense. Katara used this to frighten Yon Rha.

Ice ramp: Waterbenders can manipulate ice as a means of short transportation, as seen by Katara when training with Aang and Toph. It was also used in the liberation of Ba Sing Se.

Razor rings: An experienced waterbender can create multiple simultaneous water rings capable of cutting. Katara used this against the swamp monster.

Ice dagger: Much like ice claws, ice daggers form on a waterbender's fingers and shoot at high speeds away from him or her. Katara used these against Master Pakku.

Avatar level waterbending


Tsunami: Since they can control larger amounts of water, Avatars are capable of creating and controlling water bodies of far greater size and scale, including causing massive tsunamis, at will. The technique was first demonstrated by Avatar Kuruk as he created a large wave to ride on. Later, Aang and Princess Yue created a large tsunami that brought Aang to safety on Crescent Island.

Remote waterbending: Avatars can use waterbending from distances which a waterbender would not normally be able to access. While in combat with Ozai, Aang went into the Avatar State and pulled water in from the sea toward himself to make part of his elemental sphere. After defeating Ozai, Aang raised the tides of the sea to put out the fire at Wulong Forest caused by Ozai and his airships.

Water compression: Normally nearly incompressible, an Avatar in the Avatar State has enough power over water to compress its volume, compacting several thousands of gallons into a small volume. Aang did so when he created his elemental sphere while preparing to pursue Ozai.

Special techniques
Cloudbending: By working together, a waterbender and airbender can easily manipulate clouds, which are made of air and water, to create various shapes. In one particular instance, cloudshaping was used to provide a message to nearby villagers of an erupting volcano. It was later used as a defense by Aang and his friends to disguise their flights on Appa while moving about the Fire Nation. A waterbender can perform this technique without an airbender, as demonstrated when Team Avatar nearly mistook the approaching invasion force for a storm cloud on the Day of Black Sun.

Sweat manipulation: Resourceful waterbenders can bend their own sweat to be used as a makeshift weapon or tool in the case of being separated from other sources of water.

Condensation: Not only can skilled waterbenders condense clouds into a usable source of water when they are within close range of one, but they also can condense invisible water vapor right out of the air. Although, due to the limited quantities of water present in the air, as a mere 1% at most of the earth's atmosphere is water vapor, the amount of water extracted from the air is quite minimal. Favorable environment and climatic conditions increase the amount of water one can remove from the air.

Plantbending: A member of the Foggy Swamp Tribe, Huu, illustrated that talented waterbenders can manipulate plant life. Plantbending has enabled members of the swamp to control and manipulate every form of plant life from the highly water-saturated vines and roots found within the swamp lands to seaweed from the ocean floor - they can even rapidly regenerate the plant mass of the plants they bend, since the cell tissues of a plant are more versatile than the cell tissues of an animal, also explaining why bloodbending can only be achieved on the nights of the full moon; see below - all by bending the ample amount of water within them just as they can with watery mud.



Going further, a skilled waterbender is able to separate and completely extract the water from plants for more effective utilization just as they are able to separate the water from mud, sand, and even polluted river systems, etc. In the case of plant life, this process will then leave behind the withered remains of all the affected plant life or even making them collapse in the case of large trees. The degree of skill in manipulating plant life depends on the experience of the bender and whether or not a full moon is present. Katara and Hama extract the water from large trees with relatively no difficulty during their battle under the full moon. Simpler and smaller forms of plant life, such as grass, flowers and seaweed, can be bent with relative ease, with or without a full moon.

Bloodbending: Since the human body is roughly 70% water, bloodbending does not necessarily bend blood itself, but the fluids in someone's body, allowing the user to manipulate a body's muscles to move as they wish or to stop movement completely. This technique is very similar to plantbending, but instead it controls animals and humans instead of plants. Potentially, a bloodbender could do a number of other things by bending the water in a person's body, such as stop a victim's heart or crush his/her internal organs; pressurize, boil, or cool the water to kill their opponent; or even completely extract the water from one's body, imitating the technique used with plants, though this technique has not been shown. The technique is so advanced that Hama could only use it under the full moon. It is unclear whether Katara uses bloodbending without a full moon. Later, a moon that appears to be full is shown, and Katara actually uses bloodbending on a later night.



Very few people have been known to have mastered this technique, including Hama, Katara, Yakone, Noatak, and Tarrlok. Despite having lived in the Fire Nation for many years, Hama originated from the Southern Water Tribe. She discovered this technique during her long imprisonment by the Fire Nation. She first figured out how to perform the technique by bending the water inside the prison rats while her power was enhanced during a full moon. She then manipulated the prison guards, forcing them to open her cage and preventing them from following her. Hama later used it to kidnap Fire Nation civilians, making them literally walk into her clutches and imprison them, but she was later found and arrested.

Bloodbending is considered to be quite a sinister art since it forces the bender's will over the victim's will. Those who practice the technique open themselves up to homicidal madness.

Katara was forced by Hama to learn this technique in order to stop her from making Sokka kill Aang, which she found quite upsetting when she realized she learned it. However, she willingly used bloodbending to subdue the leader of the Southern Raiders, allowing Zuko to properly interrogate him. Once she realized he was not the man who killed her mother Kya, she released him from her control, but had showed deep regret when she learned that she had bloodbent an innocent person. She was never seen using the technique again.

Yakone and his sons, Tarrlok and Amon, have demonstrated the ability to bloodbend without a full moon, showing that this advanced bloodbending technique may be inherited.

Powerful bloodbenders can also use the technique psychically, or without the use of their hands. Yakone was the first bloodbender to display such a skill and his son, Noatak, mastered the technique at the age of fourteen.

Furthermore, bloodbending can be used to "sever" the connection that a bender has with their bending, rendering them unable to bend. This technique requires direct physical contact with the bender's hand and the victim's forehead. No amount of healing can reverse the effects; the only known cure is energybending.

The technique was outlawed following the Hundred Year War, with Katara leading the motion for it to be declared illegal.

Solutions: It has been shown that waterbenders can manipulate any liquid that is partially water, or anything that contains water. For example, Katara bent the contents of the abbey's perfume vats. She used waterbending to stir and ladle stew into bowls, to spill ink out of a bowl, and to bend the water inside mud as well. Katara halted the flow of the slurry on the back of the drill to prevent Ty Lee from following her, and, with Toph's aid, they were able to push the slurry back into the drill. Katara was seen bending mud when she and Toph ended up fighting when they were supposed to be training Aang, and she bended soup right into Appa's mouth from a pot. Katara bended ink to make a Fire Nation official leave the room so she and Zuko could search through the files about the current location of the Southern Raiders. Aang thought of using "gluebending" to defeat Ozai, suggesting that a waterbender can bend glue.



Water run: This is a technique in which waterbenders use all four limbs to run on water at very high speeds, in addition to riding on foreign objects with the same purpose. This technique is first used when Katara forms an ice surfboard and increases her speed in order to effectively freeze the Serpent's midsection without being hit; unfortunately, the Serpent broke out. Katara used it a second time to cross the lake to the village, and Aang did a variation of this by freezing blocks of ice to use as stepping stones. Katara also used this technique when Team Avatar was having a "beach party". She used a surfboard made of ice to move effortlessly across the water much like wakeboarding or surfing, regardless of the fact that the water was calm. Lastly, Aang uses this in his fight against Ozai to flee from Ozai's attacks after being knocked off a cliff.

Steam manipulation: A technique that allows waterbenders to manipulate steam from any water source. It can be used to freeze people or objects or to create cover. Katara made good use of the technique when she used steam to cover the ship for safety and when she surrounded herself in steam to create an eerie atmosphere. Avatar Korra also made use of this technique while infiltrating Amon's rally, using the steam from nearby pipes to provide cover for Mako.

Strengthened and enhanced waterbending
Waterbending is greatly strengthened and enhanced during the night, due to its lunar affinity. During a full moon in particular, waterbending is greatly enhanced, to the point where a single waterbender can overpower multiple opponents with relative ease. Bloodbending was largely thought to be possible only under a full moon. As an additional note, waterbending abilities are not enhanced during a solar eclipse. During a solar eclipse, the moon is directly in front of the sun. While the moon blocks the sunlight, all of the light from the sun shines on the far side of the moon. The side of the moon is completely dark, meaning that the moon's phase is in the new moon phase. During a solar eclipse, the moon is always in the new moon stage. Since a full moon strengthens and amplifies a waterbender's waterbending abilities to numerous levels, a solar eclipse does not enhance a waterbender's abilities.

Opposing bending art
Waterbending is the opposing bending art to firebending, though it is similar in its need for inner discipline and strong connection to external forces. Firebenders use quick strong punches and kicks to shoot fire, while waterbenders use slow movements and elegant turns and spins to return the momentum of the opponents' attacks with blasts of water. Firebenders attack first, while waterbenders wait and turn their target's attacks against them.

Like all the bending arts, waterbending is balanced out as to not be more or less powerful than the other arts. The series has repeatedly illustrated that it is the skill and prowess of the user that determines victory. In the case of waterbending however, a waterbender's ability to perform all of the waterbending they are capable of is significantly dependent on the amount of water available.

Avatar Roku, born a firebender, considered learning waterbending, (his opposing native element), as "especially challenging", and called mastering the four elements "bitter work." Even when in combat situations, Roku favored firebending, earthbending and airbending above waterbending, to the point where he did not use waterbending to fight a volcano, despite being surrounded by water.

Iroh created a firebending technique that uses waterbending philosophy to redirect lightning. Zuko was taught the technique and both of them have been shown using it effectively against powerful opponents. Zuko later taught it to Aang, who also was able to use the technique.

Although they oppose each other as bending arts, both waterbending and firebending can manipulate external thermal energy. Katara controls the temperatures of air molecules in her breath in order to freeze water. However, there is a possibility that this could manipulating the temperature of the water vapor in her breath. Also, Pakku from the Northern Water Tribe is seen possibly heating his soup using his waterbending.

Both waterbending and firebending can have an effect on the environment if the bender loses their temper, as seen when Katara cracked ice while screaming at Sokka, and when Zuko was having a tense discussion with Azula, Mai, and Ty Lee.

Weapons


So far, the only times a weapon has been used with waterbending was when Avatar Kyoshi used her fans to create a wave, and when Aang used his staff to freeze water. It has been stated that, given their almost "Samurai-like" cutting techniques, a katana, jian sword, or a cane sword would be the best weapon suited for a waterbender. However, waterbenders do carry water around in water skins when they are in places where there is little water, such as the desert. These skins carry various amounts of water, depending on their size.

Styles
There are four waterbending styles known to exist in the Avatar universe, namely Northern style, Southern style, Foggy Swamp style, and pro-bending style. Due to the circumstances of the Hundred Year War, the Southern style was nearly extinct, with only Hama left as the only Southern Water Tribe waterbending master during Avatar Aang's time to be fully trained in waterbending. However, Hama passed on all her knowledge to Katara before they became enemies.

As the Foggy Swamp Tribe is an offshoot of the Southern Water Tribe, Foggy Swamp style may have first developed from the Southern style, but throughout the intervening generations it has evolved into its own distinct style.

Northern and Southern style
The Northern Water Tribe developed the first style of waterbending for use in their home at the North Pole. When the Southern Water Tribe formed in the South Pole, they developed a slightly different style that nonetheless is very similar to the Northern style.

The traditional waterbending styles of the Northern and Southern Water Tribes focus on graceful, fluid movements for their attacks. These styles frequently make use of switching the state of water from liquid to ice and snow. It is with this technique that the waterbenders built their large polar cities. The Northern waterbending style seems to traditionally perform more defensive, strategic, and architectural techniques in waterbending, while the Southern waterbending style seems to be more aggressive and offensive than the Northern style.

Foggy Swamp style
Foggy Swamp style is the waterbending style used by the Foggy Swamp Tribe of the Earth Kingdom.



Instead of the fluid, graceful movements of the other two waterbending styles, they keep a rigid and straight stance, possibly reflecting the usually stagnant nature of water in their swamp homelands, and use stiff and circular arm movements to move water like a propeller. This style seems to be very effective in moving the tribe's boats.

They do not appear to use ice or snow attacks as often as their polar cousins, possibly due to the lack of ice in their environment. However, an exception was seen during the Day of Black Sun, when one member used ice to patch a hole in one of the submarines. One of the swamp's tribesmen, Huu, was able to develop plantbending, a technique seen performed only by him. It is unlikely that other polar waterbenders were aware of this technique, though Hama did not express surprise when learning of it, preferring to remove the water from plants rather than manipulating the plant.

The battle capabilities of this style seem to be very accurate, since Tho, Due, and the other Swamp waterbenders used this unique style in battle, making noticeable foot movements in addition to moving their arms in the desired direction to shield themselves from harm before stepping and performing an elegant punching motion to attack.

Pro-bending style
After seventy years, the art of waterbending changed greatly. The benders began to adapt and develop new techniques. One particular change was the development of pro-bending. Because of the hindering rules of this game, waterbenders' styles adapted to match. For instance, waterbenders are restricted from using continuous streams of water. To compensate, they have modernized waterbending to mainly include short blast and blocks.

One noticeable change in the art is a more frequent use of the lower body in bending. Originally, the lower body was not significantly used in waterbending. However, pro-bending has enabled some waterbenders, such as Avatar Korra, to use high arching kicks to direct streams of water.

Another new technique of waterbending is that it has also somewhat moved away from traditional grace and more into the quickness of the attack. The waterbenders often use sharp, quick, boxer-like punches when bending.

The battle capabilities of this technique are far more diverse than that of the other techniques. This is mainly due to the entire basis of pro-bending being to fight. Korra has been seen fighting effectively, implementing her pro-bending style waterbending against a variety of opponents.

Healing


Waterbenders can sometimes use a unique sub-skill: the ability to heal wounds by redirecting energy paths, or chi, throughout the body, using water as a catalyst. Waterbenders can use their abilities to heal by surrounding a sick or injured person with water, which then glows with a brilliant silvery light. The use of healing waterbending techniques is generally taught to female waterbenders of the Northern Water Tribe, who previously were not allowed to study other forms of waterbending. Katara is known to be the best healer in the world. With the help of Spirit Oasis water, she was able to heal Aang and bring him back to life.

Weaknesses
External water source: A waterbender gains a significant advantage or disadvantage over other benders depending on the amount of water in the vicinity. Enemies are able to take advantage of this by driving them away from water sources. As a result, traveling waterbenders often carry a water skin with them at all times. Master waterbenders are able to extract water from plants, ultimately killing the plants, and even condense water vapor out of thin air. Both the latter and the former of course cannot yield very large quantities of water, particularly in the case of water vapor use, which depends on weather conditions.

Binding: Waterbending is almost entirely dependent on the movement of the bender's arms, quite the opposite of earthbending which mostly uses the lower body. This leaves the waterbender vulnerable when he or she is bound at the hands or has had the flow of chi blocked in the arms. Few instances in the series have been seen where waterbending was performed with the lower body, such as when Katara anchored her feet in ice during her fight against Master Pakku, or when she created a piece of ice to use as a surfboard when fighting a giant sea serpent. Another lower body technique is outlined on the waterbending scroll stolen by Katara, from which both she and Aang learned a technique named the water whip. However, Katara used her feet when she fought the guard earthbenders, in the Royal Palace, performing a larger than normal water whip. Hama also briefly tells Katara how the Fire Nation prison guards bound the waterbenders' arms each time they were given water to drink, emphasizing their helplessness.



Lunar eclipse: Another waterbending weakness is its dependence on the moon (see below). Although waterbenders gain power from the moon (with waterbending at its zenith during full moons), the moon's absence during a lunar eclipse results in a complete loss of waterbending ability.

Emotional state: A waterbender's power comes from the internal life energy chi. Due to this, a waterbender's power is connected to his or her present emotional state. If an inexperienced waterbender were to lose his or her temper, their waterbending force is intensified, but in turn, control is lost. This was demonstrated twice by Katara, the first occasion ironically serving as the catalyst of the series. Although this has the potential to be quite dangerous, it also serves as a boon to a bender with proper training and experience, as well as balance over his or her emotions.

Overcoming weakness
Some of the standard waterbending weaknesses can be overcome by skilled waterbending masters. In environments without water a master can pull water particles out of clouds, air and even out of living organisms such as plants and trees. The drawback is that if water is removed from a living organism, it will wither and die. Water can also be obtained from a master's own bodies if need be, from sweat or saliva. The amount of water able to be removed from the air will vary depending on weather conditions. As only a small proportion of the planet's atmosphere contains gaseous water, these amounts would be very limited even at the best of times. However, the amount of water can be sufficient to form a usable weapon, such as Ice Claws, which do not need a lot of water to form.

Elemental symbol


The symbol for water and waterbending is a circle comprising a stylized rightward-facing ocean wave with three spiral crests breaking over three wavy diagonal lines representing water. It also shows how the Moon and Ocean Spirits work together (the moon is symbolized by the circular border while the Ocean Spirit is symbolized by the picture of an ocean). The symbol is featured in connection with Northern Water Tribe spirituality, and on the pendant worn by Katara, originally carved by Master Pakku for her grandmother as an engagement present.

Spirituality and waterbending
"'The legends say the moon was the first waterbender. Our ancestors saw how it pushed and pulled the tides and learned how to do it themselves... Our strength comes from the Spirit of the Moon, our life comes from the Spirit of the Ocean. They work together to keep balance.' - Princess Yue."



Like the moon controlling the tides, waterbenders move water using their chi to mimic gravitational pull by choosing how to direct their energy utilizing two jings, which in turn work to push and pull the water being controlled. Because of this lunar sympathy, a waterbender's power is stronger at night, at its absolute zenith during a full moon, and lost during a lunar eclipse. A waterbender's power is also enhanced during the rain, for obvious reasons. Furthermore, a waterbender's power is strongest when he or she is situated in colder climates, during the winter, or near their native polar homelands.

Legend further elaborates that Tui, meaning "push", the Moon Spirit, and its symbiotic partner La, meaning "pull", the Ocean Spirit, gave up their immortality to be a part of the mortal world. In fact, these spirits exist in the physical forms of two koi fish eternally circling one another in a pond, in the highly spiritual oasis, in the capital city of the Northern Water Tribe.

The "push and pull" relationship between the moon's gravity and the water's inertia is represented by Yin and Yang. The Moon Spirit koi is white, with a black forehead marking, and the Ocean Spirit koi is black, with a white forehead marking, mimicking the two primal forces.

Without the equilibrium of these two spiritual aspects, waterbenders lose their powers. This was illustrated when Tui's mortal form was killed by Admiral Zhao during the Fire Nation's siege of the Northern Water Tribe. The moon disappeared from the sky, the balance of the world was upset, and the waterbenders defending the North Pole were rendered powerless.



The Fire Nation's invading fleet was subsequently defeated when the Avatar, Aang, acted as a literal avatar of La and combined to form a gigantic water creature that swept the Fire Nation forces out to sea. Balance was restored when Princess Yue, who had received a part of Tui's life force at birth to prevent her immediate death, returned that force and sacrificed herself so that Tui might live.

Waterbending emphasizes symbiosis: acting in concert with one's environment and guiding it, rather than avoiding, controlling, or working against it. In the Foggy Swamp Tribe, waterbenders were shown to be especially attuned to the environment, as one of its members, Huu, was able to achieve enlightenment by meditating under a tree in the heart of the swamp and connecting with it the same way it is connected with the rest of the swamp, as it is a superior organism.

Connection
Waterbending is based on a style of T'ai Chi Ch'uan, specifically the Yang style. It is a Chinese martial art that features slow movements and elegant forms that evoke the feel of flowing water.

Trivia

 * All three sub-styles of waterbending were developed by a different tribe: Healing by the Northern Tribe, plantbending by the Swamp Tribe, and bloodbending by a Southern waterbender.
 * This is the first bending seen, including or aside the opening sequence. Katara used waterbending when she tried to fish.
 * Katara is the only one shown on screen to have used all three of the sub-styles.
 * Waterbending is the only bending art not to originate from animals, as waterbenders learned from observing the push and pull of the Moon and Ocean. However, the Moon and Ocean Spirits took the form of koi fish, thus making waterbending's source somewhat similar to those of the other bending arts.
 * According to "Avatar Extras", during the production of the "The Puppetmaster", the technique Hama used to temporarily hold Katara was jokingly referred to as the "Stop Hitting Yourself" technique.
 * The carving on Katara's necklace is a very close match to the waterbending symbol.
 * The 'single water whip' move involves identical movements to a form in Tai Chi known as the 'Single Whip' form.